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Study of Chinese Learners' Pedagogical Choices in Korean
In addition to learner-internal influences, CLKs' awareness of pragmatic resistance and the relational affordances they had access to were important. The RIs from TS & ZL, for example mentioned their relationship with their local professor as a key factor in their decision to stay clear of criticizing a strict professor (see example 2).
This article reviews all local pragmatic research on Korean until 2020. It focuses on pragmatic important topics such as:
Discourse Construction Tests
The test for discourse completion is a common tool in the field of pragmatic research. It has numerous advantages, 프라그마틱 사이트 but also a few disadvantages. For example, the DCT is unable to account for cultural and personal variations in communication. The DCT can also be biased and can lead to overgeneralizations. It should be carefully analyzed before it is used for research or assessment.
Despite its limitations the DCT is a useful tool for analyzing the relationship between prosody, information structure and non-native speakers. Its ability in two or more stages to alter social variables related to politeness could be a benefit. This feature can help researchers to study the role played by prosody in communication across different cultural contexts, which is a major issue in cross-cultural pragmatics.
In the field of linguistics, DCT is among the most effective tools to study the behavior of communication learners. It can be used to investigate a variety of issues, including politeness, turn taking, and lexical choice. It can be used to evaluate the phonological complexity of learners in their speech.
A recent study employed a DCT to evaluate EFL students' refusal skills. The participants were given various scenarios and asked to choose the appropriate response from the options offered. The researchers found that the DCT was more effective than other measures to stop people from refusing, including a questionnaire and video recordings. Researchers warned, however, that the DCT should be used with caution. They also suggested using other data collection methods.
DCTs can be designed with specific linguistic criteria, such as the form and content. These criteria are intuitive and based upon the assumptions of test designers. They may not be accurate, and they may incorrectly describe the way in which ELF learners actually refuse requests in real-world interaction. This issue requires further studies of different methods to assess the ability to refuse.
A recent study examined DCT responses to requests submitted by students through email with those obtained from an oral DCT. The results showed that DCTs favored more direct and conventionally indirect request forms and used hints less than email data.
Metapragmatic Questionnaires (MQs)
This study looked at Chinese learners their pragmatic choices when they use Korean. It used a variety of experimental tools including Discourse Completion Tasks, 프라그마틱 정품확인방법 무료체험 슬롯버프 (please click Social 40) metapragmatic questions and Refusal Interviews. Participants were 46 CLKs with upper-intermediate proficiency who gave responses to DCTs and MQs. They were also asked to reflect on their evaluation and refusal responses in RIs. The results showed that CLKs were more likely to reject native Korean pragmatic norms, and their choices were influenced by four primary factors: their identities, their multilingual identities, their ongoing life histories, and relational benefits. These findings have implications for pedagogy for L2 Korean assessment and teaching.
The MQ data was analyzed in order to determine the participants' actual choices. The data were classified according to Ishihara's (2010) definition of pragmatic resistance. Then, we compared their selections with their linguistic performance on DCTs in order to determine if they were indicative of pragmatic resistance. The interviewees were asked to justify their choice of pragmatic behavior in a particular situation.
The findings of the MQs and DCTs were then analysed using descriptive statistics and Z-tests. The CLKs were found use euphemistic terms such as "sorry" or "thank you". This is likely due to their lack of experience with the target languages, leading to a lack of understanding of the korean pragmatic norms. The results revealed that CLKs' preferences to differ from L1 and L2 norms or to converge towards L1 varied depending on the DCT situations. In situations 3 and 12, CLKs preferred diverging from both L1pragmatic norms - and L2-pragmatic norms while in Situation 14 CLKs preferred a convergence to L1 norms.
The RIs showed that CLKs knew about their pragmatic resistance to each DCT situation. The RIs were conducted on a one-to-one basis within two days of participants completing the MQs. The RIs, which were transcribed and recorded by two independent coders, were then coded. The coders worked in an iterative manner by the coders, re-reading and discussing each transcript. The results of the coding process are compared with the original RI transcripts to determine how well they captured the underlying pragmatic behavior.
Interviews for refusal
One of the most important questions in pragmatic research is why learners decide to rescind native-speaker pragmatic norms. Recent research attempted to answer this question with various experiments, including DCTs MQs and RIs. The participants consisted of 46 CLKs, 44 CNSs, and 45 KNSs from five Korean universities. Participants were asked to complete the DCTs and MQs in their L1 or L2. They were then invited to an RI where they were asked to reflect on and discuss their responses to each DCT situation.
The results showed that, on average, the CLKs disapproved of the pragmatic norms of native speakers in more than 40% of their answers. They did this even though they could produce patterns that closely resembled natives. They were aware of their practical resistance. They attributed their choice to learner-internal factors such as their personalities and multilingual identities. They also referred external factors, such as relational advantages. They also discussed, 프라그마틱 무료 슬롯버프 체험 (https://bookmarkplaces.com/) for instance, how their relations with their professors enabled them to perform better in terms of the linguistic and social standards of their university.
The interviewees expressed concerns about the social pressures or consequences they might face if their local social norms were violated. They were concerned that their native interlocutors may view them as "foreignersand believe that they are incompetent. This worry was similar to the concerns expressed by Brown (2013) and Ishihara (2009).
These results suggest that native speakers' pragmatic norms are not the norm for Korean learners. They could still be useful for official Korean proficiency tests. But it would be prudent for future researchers to reassess their applicability in specific situations and in various contexts. This will allow them to better comprehend how different environments can affect the pragmatic behavior of learners in the classroom and beyond. Moreover this will allow educators to create more effective methods for teaching and testing korea pragmatics. Seukhoon Paul Choi is principal advisor to Stratways Group, a geopolitical risk consultancy based in Seoul.
Case Studies
The case study method is a research strategy that utilizes intensive, participant-centered research to explore a particular subject. This method makes use of numerous sources of information, such as interviews, observations and documents, to support its findings. This type of investigation can be used to examine complicated or unique issues that are difficult to other methods of measuring.
In a case study, the first step is to define both the subject and the objectives of the study. This will allow you to determine which aspects of the topic should be studied and which ones can be skipped. It is also helpful to review the existing research to gain a broad understanding of the subject. It will also help put the issue in a larger theoretical context.
This case study was based on an open source platform that is the KMMLU leaderboard [50], and its benchmarks that are specific to Korea, HyperCLOVA X and LDCC-Solar (figure 1 below). The results of the test revealed that the L2 Korean students were particularly susceptible to native models. They tended to choose wrong answer choices which were literal interpretations. This was a deviance from accurate pragmatic inference. They also had a strong tendency to add their own text, or "garbage," to their responses, further detracting from their response quality.
The participants in this study were L2 Korean students who had reached level four on the Test of Proficiency in Korean TOPIK in their third or second university year and were aiming to reach level six by their next attempt. They were asked to answer questions regarding their WTC/SPCC, as well as understanding and pragmatic awareness.
The interviewees were presented two scenarios, each of which involved an imagined interaction with their interlocutors and were asked to choose one of the following strategies to employ when making an inquiry. Interviewees were then asked to justify their decision. The majority of participants attributed their pragmatist opposition to their personalities. TS for instance said she was difficult to approach and was hesitant to inquire about her interlocutor's well-being when they had a lot of work, even though she believed native Koreans would.
In addition to learner-internal influences, CLKs' awareness of pragmatic resistance and the relational affordances they had access to were important. The RIs from TS & ZL, for example mentioned their relationship with their local professor as a key factor in their decision to stay clear of criticizing a strict professor (see example 2).
This article reviews all local pragmatic research on Korean until 2020. It focuses on pragmatic important topics such as:
Discourse Construction Tests
The test for discourse completion is a common tool in the field of pragmatic research. It has numerous advantages, 프라그마틱 사이트 but also a few disadvantages. For example, the DCT is unable to account for cultural and personal variations in communication. The DCT can also be biased and can lead to overgeneralizations. It should be carefully analyzed before it is used for research or assessment.
Despite its limitations the DCT is a useful tool for analyzing the relationship between prosody, information structure and non-native speakers. Its ability in two or more stages to alter social variables related to politeness could be a benefit. This feature can help researchers to study the role played by prosody in communication across different cultural contexts, which is a major issue in cross-cultural pragmatics.
In the field of linguistics, DCT is among the most effective tools to study the behavior of communication learners. It can be used to investigate a variety of issues, including politeness, turn taking, and lexical choice. It can be used to evaluate the phonological complexity of learners in their speech.
A recent study employed a DCT to evaluate EFL students' refusal skills. The participants were given various scenarios and asked to choose the appropriate response from the options offered. The researchers found that the DCT was more effective than other measures to stop people from refusing, including a questionnaire and video recordings. Researchers warned, however, that the DCT should be used with caution. They also suggested using other data collection methods.
DCTs can be designed with specific linguistic criteria, such as the form and content. These criteria are intuitive and based upon the assumptions of test designers. They may not be accurate, and they may incorrectly describe the way in which ELF learners actually refuse requests in real-world interaction. This issue requires further studies of different methods to assess the ability to refuse.
A recent study examined DCT responses to requests submitted by students through email with those obtained from an oral DCT. The results showed that DCTs favored more direct and conventionally indirect request forms and used hints less than email data.
Metapragmatic Questionnaires (MQs)
This study looked at Chinese learners their pragmatic choices when they use Korean. It used a variety of experimental tools including Discourse Completion Tasks, 프라그마틱 정품확인방법 무료체험 슬롯버프 (please click Social 40) metapragmatic questions and Refusal Interviews. Participants were 46 CLKs with upper-intermediate proficiency who gave responses to DCTs and MQs. They were also asked to reflect on their evaluation and refusal responses in RIs. The results showed that CLKs were more likely to reject native Korean pragmatic norms, and their choices were influenced by four primary factors: their identities, their multilingual identities, their ongoing life histories, and relational benefits. These findings have implications for pedagogy for L2 Korean assessment and teaching.
The MQ data was analyzed in order to determine the participants' actual choices. The data were classified according to Ishihara's (2010) definition of pragmatic resistance. Then, we compared their selections with their linguistic performance on DCTs in order to determine if they were indicative of pragmatic resistance. The interviewees were asked to justify their choice of pragmatic behavior in a particular situation.
The findings of the MQs and DCTs were then analysed using descriptive statistics and Z-tests. The CLKs were found use euphemistic terms such as "sorry" or "thank you". This is likely due to their lack of experience with the target languages, leading to a lack of understanding of the korean pragmatic norms. The results revealed that CLKs' preferences to differ from L1 and L2 norms or to converge towards L1 varied depending on the DCT situations. In situations 3 and 12, CLKs preferred diverging from both L1pragmatic norms - and L2-pragmatic norms while in Situation 14 CLKs preferred a convergence to L1 norms.
The RIs showed that CLKs knew about their pragmatic resistance to each DCT situation. The RIs were conducted on a one-to-one basis within two days of participants completing the MQs. The RIs, which were transcribed and recorded by two independent coders, were then coded. The coders worked in an iterative manner by the coders, re-reading and discussing each transcript. The results of the coding process are compared with the original RI transcripts to determine how well they captured the underlying pragmatic behavior.
Interviews for refusal
One of the most important questions in pragmatic research is why learners decide to rescind native-speaker pragmatic norms. Recent research attempted to answer this question with various experiments, including DCTs MQs and RIs. The participants consisted of 46 CLKs, 44 CNSs, and 45 KNSs from five Korean universities. Participants were asked to complete the DCTs and MQs in their L1 or L2. They were then invited to an RI where they were asked to reflect on and discuss their responses to each DCT situation.
The results showed that, on average, the CLKs disapproved of the pragmatic norms of native speakers in more than 40% of their answers. They did this even though they could produce patterns that closely resembled natives. They were aware of their practical resistance. They attributed their choice to learner-internal factors such as their personalities and multilingual identities. They also referred external factors, such as relational advantages. They also discussed, 프라그마틱 무료 슬롯버프 체험 (https://bookmarkplaces.com/) for instance, how their relations with their professors enabled them to perform better in terms of the linguistic and social standards of their university.
The interviewees expressed concerns about the social pressures or consequences they might face if their local social norms were violated. They were concerned that their native interlocutors may view them as "foreignersand believe that they are incompetent. This worry was similar to the concerns expressed by Brown (2013) and Ishihara (2009).
These results suggest that native speakers' pragmatic norms are not the norm for Korean learners. They could still be useful for official Korean proficiency tests. But it would be prudent for future researchers to reassess their applicability in specific situations and in various contexts. This will allow them to better comprehend how different environments can affect the pragmatic behavior of learners in the classroom and beyond. Moreover this will allow educators to create more effective methods for teaching and testing korea pragmatics. Seukhoon Paul Choi is principal advisor to Stratways Group, a geopolitical risk consultancy based in Seoul.
Case Studies
The case study method is a research strategy that utilizes intensive, participant-centered research to explore a particular subject. This method makes use of numerous sources of information, such as interviews, observations and documents, to support its findings. This type of investigation can be used to examine complicated or unique issues that are difficult to other methods of measuring.
In a case study, the first step is to define both the subject and the objectives of the study. This will allow you to determine which aspects of the topic should be studied and which ones can be skipped. It is also helpful to review the existing research to gain a broad understanding of the subject. It will also help put the issue in a larger theoretical context.
This case study was based on an open source platform that is the KMMLU leaderboard [50], and its benchmarks that are specific to Korea, HyperCLOVA X and LDCC-Solar (figure 1 below). The results of the test revealed that the L2 Korean students were particularly susceptible to native models. They tended to choose wrong answer choices which were literal interpretations. This was a deviance from accurate pragmatic inference. They also had a strong tendency to add their own text, or "garbage," to their responses, further detracting from their response quality.
The participants in this study were L2 Korean students who had reached level four on the Test of Proficiency in Korean TOPIK in their third or second university year and were aiming to reach level six by their next attempt. They were asked to answer questions regarding their WTC/SPCC, as well as understanding and pragmatic awareness.
The interviewees were presented two scenarios, each of which involved an imagined interaction with their interlocutors and were asked to choose one of the following strategies to employ when making an inquiry. Interviewees were then asked to justify their decision. The majority of participants attributed their pragmatist opposition to their personalities. TS for instance said she was difficult to approach and was hesitant to inquire about her interlocutor's well-being when they had a lot of work, even though she believed native Koreans would.
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